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中国非常规油气的潜力和发展

胡文瑞,翟光明,李景明

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第5期页码 25-29

摘要：

概述了国外和我国非常规油气资源开发利用状况，分析了我国发展非常规油气存在的困难，提出了加快发展我国非常规油气的对策与建议。

关键词：非常规油气勘探开发技术潜力对策

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中国石化非常规油气资源潜力及勘探进展

马永生,冯建辉,牟泽辉,赵培荣,包书景,王烽

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第6期页码 22-30

摘要：

中国石油化工集团有限公司（简称中国石化）矿权区内拥有较为丰富的非常规油气资源，煤层气可勘探面积为10.19万km²，煤层埋深小于2 000 m的煤层气地质资源量为11.02万亿m³。页岩气可供勘探面积为17.5万km²，初步估算页岩气地质资源量为15.9万亿m³。页岩油勘探面积为11.76万km²，具有较大的资源基础及潜力。中国石化自2004年开始关注非常规油气资源，先后启动了页岩油气、煤层气等非常规油气资源的研究和勘探工作。目前在泌阳凹陷页岩油勘探泌页HF-1水平井分段压裂后获日产油23.6 m³；元坝地区多口陆相钻井测试获得高产气流，建南地区建页HF-1井日产气12 300 m³；延川南区块煤层气已探明地质储量为106.47亿m³，多口井排采获工业气流，初步形成了中国石化非常规油气资源多类型、多阶段的勘探开发格局。

关键词：中国石化非常规油气油气资源勘探

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Energy shift: decline of easy oil and restructuring of geo-politics

Oliver R. INDERWILDI,David A. KING

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 260-267 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0416-8

摘要： This paper critically assesses the geopolitical and geo-economic impact of novel fuel resources on both resource exporters and importers. Presently, very strong political and economic forces drive the utilisation of domestic, unconventional oil and gas recovery in the West as these enhance energy security and ease balance of payment issues. The additional capacity generated by this trend has, supported by other effects such as Saudi Arabia’s decision to maintain current production, triggered a significant reduction of oil prices. Consequently, it is now oil exporters that struggle with the balance of payment issues and often these countries base their fiscal budget completely on fossil fuel revenues. In fact, these unconventional resources help turn the tide while oil exporters are now politically significantly weakened due to the increased energy sufficiency of the West. The catch is that the extraction of unconventional types of oil has many environmental implications. So, internalising the environmental externalities have to be considered. This paper, therefore, assesses, next to geopolitics and geo-economics, the environmental implications of this trend.

关键词： energy security climatic change geo-economics geopolitics unconventional resources macroeconomics

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中国非常规油气开发的“一全六化”系统工程方法论 Article

李国欣, 鲜成钢, 刘合

《工程（英文）》 2022年第18卷第11期页码 105-115 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.018

摘要：

非常规油气已经成为我国油气增储上产的最重要现实资源，但目前产量规模与巨大的资源量和快速增长的探明地质储量不匹配，技术、成本、管理和理念四个层次的挑战制约了规模效益开发。在实践的基础上，提出和阐述了“一全六化”系统工程方法论，即全生命周期管理、一体化统筹、专业化协同、市场化运作、社会化支撑、数字化管理及绿色化发展，并在吉木萨尔陆相页岩油等国家示范区得到了良好应用。本文提出了“非常规不代表低效益”和“非常规不等于低采收率”等颠覆性观点，指出管理者和开发专家必须始终把效益目标根植于内心，必须以理念变革推动管理革命，实现大幅度降本增效并引领技术发展。

关键词：非常规油气资源系统工程理念变革全生命周期管理地质-工程一体化

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Metal-based direct hydrogen generation as unconventional high density energy

Shuo XU, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 27-53 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0603-x

摘要： Metals are unconventional hydrogen production materials which are of high energy densities. This paper comprehensively reviewed and digested the latest researches of the metal-based direct hydrogen generation and the unconventional energy utilization ways thus enabled. According to the metal activities, the reaction conditions of metals were generalized into three categories. The first ones refer to those which would violently react with water at ambient temperature. The second ones start to react with water after certain pretreatments. The third ones can only react with steam under somewhat harsh conditions. To interpret the metal-water reaction mechanisms at the molecular scale, the molecule dynamics simulation and computational quantum chemistry were introduced as representative theoretical analytical tools. Besides, the state-of-the-art of the metal-water reaction was presented with several ordinary metals as illustration examples, including the material treatment technologies and the evaluations of hydrogen evolution performances. Moreover, the energy capacities of various metals were summarized, and the application potentials of the metal-based direct hydrogen production approach were explored. Furthermore, the challenges lying behind this unconventional hydrogen generation method and energy strategy were raised, which outlined promising directions worth of further endeavors. Overall, active metals like Na and K are appropriate for rapid hydrogen production occasions. Of these metals discussed, Al, Mg and their alloys offer the most promising hydrogen generation route for clean and efficient propulsion and real-time power source. In the long run, there exists plenty of space for developing future energy technology along this direction.

关键词： metal hydrogen generation hydrolysis metal water reaction clean energy

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Practice of Unconventional Gas Development and Engineering Management Innovation in China

Wen-rui Hu,Jing-wei Bao,Bin Hu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 18-29 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014005

摘要： This article analyses the recent progressive increase in resourcequantity and production quantity of unconventional natural gas in China, describes its natural properties and the concepts, strategies and approaches of its development, summarizes the special techniques, management concepts and development modes formed in the process of its development, and puts forward proposals to accelerate the development of unconventional natural gas of China. The technically recoverable reserve of unconventional natural gas is 1.7 times that of conventional natural gas and its output in 2012 accounted for 41.8% of the total output in China. Chinese tight gas development has gained success, coal-bed methane development and shale gas production pilots have made important progresses. As the key feature of unconventional natural gas is "low grade", for the effective scale development, developers must build up the engineering concept of low-grade resources development, adhere to the low cost strategy, take the development route of "a step backward and then a step forward", apply such ideas and methods of engineering management as low cost dualistic integrative innovation, full control network management, economic limit theory, integrated operation and "four orientations" engineering management, establish a "two lows" engineering management system, and take reference of the successful development mode of the tight gas in Sulige and the coal-bed methane in the Qinshui basin. In order to achieve the objective of rapid development of nonconventional natural gas in China and to accelerate the development pace, the government should continue to increase support, to speed up the reform of natural gas price adjustment, to set up national comprehensive development and utilization demonstration areas, to input in sustainable technological research and to promote engineering management innovation.?

关键词： natural gas unconventional tight gas coal-bed methane shale gas engineering management innovation proposals

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我国非常规天然气开发利用前景与战略地位

“能源领域咨询研究”综合组

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第9期页码 6-10

摘要：

我国非常规天然气资源比较丰富，开发利用程度低，且有后发优势，加快非常规天然气资源开发利用对我国经济社会发展与能源安全具有重要战略意义。本文在客观评价四类非常规天然气资源潜力与开发趋势的基础上，提出了我国非常规天然气开发利用战略和措施建议。研究认为，我国页岩气、致密砂岩气和煤层气可采资源总量约为3.1×1013 m3，大约是常规天然气可采资源量的1.5倍，技术进步和国家政策扶持是实现非常规天然气资源大规模开发利用的关键。我国非常规天然气开发利用可采取“三步走”的路线，积极组织，加快发展，预计到2020年前后，我国非常规天然气产量将与常规天然气平分秋色，2030年前后非常规天然气产量有望达到3×1011 m3，约占总产量的2/3，非常规天然气将成为保障我国天然气工业长期稳定和健康发展的主体资源。

关键词：非常规天然气；资源潜力；开发利用；战略地位

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Liquid metal enabled combinatorial heat transfer science: toward unconventional extreme cooling

Xiao-Hu YANG, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 259-275 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0521-3

摘要： As a class of newly emerging material, liquid metal exhibits many outstanding performances in a wide variety of thermal management areas, such as thermal interface material, heat spreader, convective cooling and phase change material (PCM) for thermal buffering etc. To help mold next generation unconventional cooling technologies and further advance the liquid metal cooling to an ever higher level in tackling more extreme, complex and critical thermal issues and energy utilizations, a novel conceptual scientific category was dedicated here which could be termed as combinatorial liquid metal heat transfer science. Through comprehensive interpretations on a group of representative liquid metal thermal management strategies, the most basic ways were outlined for developing liquid metal enabled combined cooling systems. The main scientific and technical features of the proposed hybrid cooling systems were illustrated. Particularly, five abstractive segments toward constructing the combinatorial liquid metal heat transfer systems were clarified. The most common methods on innovating liquid metal combined cooling systems based on this classification principle were discussed, and their potential utilization forms were proposed. For illustration purpose, several typical examples such as low melting point metal PCM combined cooling systems and liquid metal convection combined cooling systems, etc. were specifically introduced. Finally, future prospects to search for and make full use of the liquid metal combined high performance cooling system were discussed. It is expected that in practical application in the future, more unconventional combination forms on the liquid metal cooling can be obtained from the current fundamental principles.

关键词： combinatorial heat transfer liquid metal high flux cooling thermal management

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The stabilization effect of Al₂O₃ on unconventional Pb/SiO₂ catalyst

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期页码 1423-1429 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2315-y

摘要： Similar to Sn, Pb located at the same group (IVA) in the periodic table of elements, can also catalyze propane dehydrogenation to propene, while a fast deactivation can be observed. To enhance the stability, the traditional carrier Al₂O₃ with a small amount, was introduced into Pb/SiO₂ catalyst in this study. It has been proved that Al₂O₃ can inhibit the reduction of PbO, and weaken the agglomeration and loss of Pb species due to its enhanced interaction with Pb species. As a result, 3Al15Pb/SiO₂ catalyst exhibits a much higher stability up to more than 150 h. In addition, a simple schematic diagram of the change of surface species on the catalyst surface after Al₂O₃ addition was also proposed.

关键词： Pb/SiO₂ Al₂O₃ propane dehydrogenation propene stability

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Unconventional energy: Seeking the ways to innovate energy science and technology

Jing LIU, Zhixiong GUO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 195-197 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0568-9

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资源循环

邱定蕃

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第10期页码 31-35

摘要：

资源是一个国家可持续发展的基础。人类不能无限制地开发自然资源（矿物），而应该尽可能反复利用,逐步建立起资源循环。资源循环学，就是研究如何利用这些产物建立循环系统的科学。资源循环是一个规律，是人类与自然和谐共处、可持续发展的必由之路。资源开发又与环境污染密切相关。尽早建立资源循环型社会，有可能从根本上解决资源短缺和环境污染问题。建立资源循环型社会是一个系统工程，需要政府重视，制定相应法律，科技、教育先行和全社会的共同努力。

关键词：资源资源循环资源开发资源型社会

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Energy storage resources management: Planning, operation, and business model

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 373-391 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0194-4

摘要： With the acceleration of supply-side renewable energy penetration rate and the increasingly diversified and complex demand-side loads, how to maintain the stable, reliable, and efficient operation of the power system has become a challenging issue requiring investigation. One of the feasible solutions is deploying the energy storage system (ESS) to integrate with the energy system to stabilize it. However, considering the costs and the input/output characteristics of ESS, both the initial configuration process and the actual operation process require efficient management. This study presents a comprehensive review of managing ESS from the perspectives of planning, operation, and business model. First of all, in terms of planning and configuration, it is investigated from capacity planning, location planning, as well as capacity and location combined planning. This process is generally the first step in deploying ESS. Then, it explores operation management of ESS from the perspectives of state assessment and operation optimization. The so-called state assessment refers to the assessment of three aspects: The state of charge (SOC), the state of health (SOH), and the remaining useful life (RUL). The operation optimization includes ESS operation strategy optimization and joint operation optimization. Finally, it discusses the business models of ESS. Traditional business models involve ancillary services and load transfer, while emerging business models include electric vehicle (EV) as energy storage and shared energy storage.

关键词： energy storage system energy storage resources management planning configuration operational management business model

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Forest resources in China ---- Figures and Graphics

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 504-508 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017191

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Industrial Structure Adjustment of Shaanxi Province under the Limited Water Resources Condition

Xiao-jun Liu,Zhen-yu Guo,Chao Ding,Han-liang Fu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 378-384 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014057

摘要： Shaanxi Province is a region poor of water resources in China, and the lack of water resources is becoming a key factor which restricts the social and economic development of Shaanxi Province. In the perspective of efficient utilization of water resources, Shaanxi Province is committed to the transformation of the economic growth and the industrial structure, and treats these measures as important guarantees for the future development of Shaanxi Province. This paper focuses on building multi-objective programming model of industrial structure optimization under the limited water resources condition, indicates the direction of the industrial transformation and water consumption structural adjustment by solving the model, and furthermore points out the key factors that affect the development of Shaanxi Province in the future. Finally, the authors give some advices of promoting the reasonable and effective utilization of water resources of Shaanxi Province.

关键词： water resources capacity of water resources industrial transformation multi-objective programming

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Relationship between the development of energy and mineral resources and ecological conservation redline

Dawei ZHANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 557-563 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0077-5

摘要： From a philosophical point of view, this study discusses the dialectical relationship between the development of energy and mineral resources and the ecological conservation redline. We propose that the ecological conservation redline and the development of energy and mineral resources should be guided by ecological civilization construction, that is, the energy and mineral resources should be rationally developed under the condition that the ecological environment is protected. This study analyzes the influence of the development of energy and mineral resources on the ecological environment. The handling of mining rights within the ecological conservation redline based on the law and the reduction of the influence of the development of energy mineral resources on the ecological environment by science and technology are presented. The environmental assessment system and technical standards for energy and mineral development are suggested to implement policies and measures for the disposal of mining rights within the redline and facilitate technological innovations of ecological conservation for energy and mineral development. Hence, a coordinated development between the ecological conservation redline and the development of energy and mineral resources can be promoted.

关键词： ecological conservation redline development of energy and mineral resources coordinated development